ancient governmental standards essays

antiquated legislative gauges expositions Administrative Techniques in the Ancient World From the beginning of time, numerous procedures have been utilized for arranging society. Experimentation with various styles principally occurred in the antiquated Mediterranean world. Athenian vote based system, Hebrew sanctuary state, Hellenic city-states, Hellenistic realms, the Roman Republic, and the Christian Roman Empire were all significant types of administration, each with their own qualities and shortcomings. To figure out which of these structures was effective, it is barren to take a gander at each structures sequential turn of events. The Hebrew State started as a free confederation of twelve clans. A clans seniors controlled it, and keeping in mind that there was intermarriage between clans, there was no genuine political association. They shared normal religion, language and culture, anyway they didn't owe loyalty to one ruler. The underlying foundations of the Hebrew clans lay in legend. Jacob, a patriarch of Judaism, is said to have had twelve children, every one of whom conceived a clan of individuals. Considering the unbelievable attributes of every child, every clan had explicit qualities. For instance, the clan of Levy were the clerics of the Jews. They possessed no land, and made due on the offerings of the individuals. The clan of Dan were a marine people; their genealogical land lay on the bank of the Mediterranean Sea. These twelve gatherings of individuals were in no way, shape or form one country, they struck each other once in a while, and there were regularly questions as to limits and land rights. In the eleventh century B.C.E., an outside danger, prominent attack by the Philistines, drove the Hebrews to formalize their inborn ties under one pioneer, Saul. With the thrashing of the Philistines, Saul figured out how to keep power over the clans, bringing together them for his replacement, the warrior-writer David. Saul and David had fashioned the beginnings of a realm that would see its actual wonder in the tenth century B.C.E., under Davids child Solomon. Under Solomon, the Temple State tr... <!

Lady in a Machine Shop: Margaret E. Knight

Margaret E. Knight was conceived in York, Maine in1838. Margaret was exceptionally intrigued by devices and apparatus even as a little youngster. Lady in that period were not viewed as precisely slanted or to be keen on machinery.â Children particularly were not thought to be imaginative enough to design things. Margaret, nonetheless, started developing things at a youthful age and had her first achievement from the get-go throughout everyday life. She saw an awful mishap at the cotton plant where she and her siblings worked. Numerous individuals had attempted throughout the years to make the weavers for the laborers yet nobody had concocted a thought that worked. Margaret go through a long stretch of time making a more secure plan for the loom piece being referred to and at the youthful age of 12 she had her first working development. The secured transport she created is still being used on cotton lingers today. In 1868, Margaret moved to Massachusetts and started working at the Columbia Paper Bag Company. Paper sacks around then were envelope molded and held shut by having twine or string folded over them. Square base sacks were once in a while utilized on the grounds that they must be made by hand and were over the top expensive. Margaret concluded that there was certainly opportunity to get better and set about attempting to make a machine that would cut, crease and glue square bottoms sacks without anyone else. This would make the sacks significantly less costly to deliver and accomplish crafted by numerous individuals with just one machine. She worked days at the Columbia Paper Bag Company and keeping in mind that she worked, she contemplated the machines that were in presence there as of now. Around evening time, she took her thoughts home and went through hours building and modifying models of a machine she thought would make a superior paper sack machine. It required some investment and a monstrous measure of work to get what she needed from theâ machine. She tried and balanced and changed things in the arrangement until it was exactly what she needed. When the plan of the machine was great, she recruited somebody to make the genuine machine for her. The models had not been exceptionally tough and she needed one made of iron that would hold up to an entire days work. While Margaret was doing this, a man named Charles Annan took her thought and had a patent put on it under his own name. Margaret had placed an excess of work into this machine and was not going to sit by and let another person assume the praise for it. She prosecuted Charles Annan over taking her thought and her patent. Charles Annan was certain that he could win by persuading the appointed authority that no lady got hardware and could always be unable to plan and manufacture a machine sufficiently complex to make square base paper sacks. Charles Annan belittled Margaret Knight and it cost him the court fight. Margaret acquired every one of her drawings, plans and models of the machine. She clarified how it functioned and why it would improve the technique as of now utilized. Her insight and documentation demonstrated to the appointed authority that she was the legitimate proprietor of the plan and the machine. Margaret got her patent for the paper pack in 1870. She helped to establish the Eastern Paper Bag Company in 1870 also and set her development to work. She is known as the Queen of Paper Bags and her development is utilized right up 'til today, alongside the plan she made for the square base paper sack. References: Label Brill, M. (2001) Margaret Knight Girl Inventor Factory creek

Ergonomics

The point of this examination is to explore the isometric quality or MVC (most extreme deliberate constriction) by estimating grasp quality, arm quality, leg quality, middle quality and key squeeze quality. With the goal that each participant’s quality percentile esteems in the populace for every quality class can be determined and human biomechanical capacities and relative changeability in human abilities can be comprehended by looking at the information gathered. Additionally the impacts of the components, similar to hold range, wrist stance or utilizing the prevailing side, on every one of the quality classifications can be inspected. . Presentation Isometric quality is the power that a muscle gathering can apply without development. Most extreme Isometric quality is the greatest power that a muscle gathering can apply without development. It is likewise called MVC (most extreme intentional withdrawal). A portion of the generally utilized isometric qualities are: arm quali ty, shoulder quality, composite (leg) quality, back (middle) quality, grasp quality and squeeze quality. The entirety of the quality classifications are estimated for the subjects barring for the ones having medical issues about their waist.These estimations are finished by utilizing Caldwell Protocol, which says that after a development time of around 2 seconds, the subject is required to keep up a consistent state maximal effort for in any event 3 seconds and this (normal) level is taken as the subject’s quality score. So we can say that, by and large, the isometric quality estimation strategy expects people to develop their solid effort gradually over a 4-6 seconds time frame, without jolting, and keep up the pinnacle effort for around 3 seconds. This pinnacle effort (3 sec normal) is the isometric quality of the individual.No outside inspiration ought to be given. A break of at any rate 30 seconds ought to be given between progressive efforts if just a couple of estimatio ns are to be made. It is important to build the rest term to 2 minutes if around 15 estimations are to be made in one test meeting. This extra rest is important to recoup from weariness produced because of the isometric effort (Mital and Kumar, 1998). While estimating the quality classes, the impacts of certain elements like elbow point, wrist act, hold range and utilizing predominant or non-prevailing side are observed.The direction of the arm impacts human isometric quality effort capacity. As the arm direction changes the mechanical bit of leeway likewise changes, bringing about more vulnerable or more grounded quality efforts. Additionally the wrist direction is basic in creating isometric torques with non-fueled hand instruments. Around 70% more torque is applied when wrenches are in the level situation than when they are in vertical positions (Mital and Kumar, 1998). Thusly, by utilizing some factual procedures like ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), the hugeness of the components that are referenced before is tried. . Goals The principle target of this examination is to explore the isometric quality or MVC (greatest willful withdrawal) by estimating grasp quality, arm quality, leg quality, middle quality and key squeeze quality. With the goal that each participant’s quality percentile esteems in the populace for every quality classification can be determined and human biomechanical abilities and relative fluctuation in human capacities can be comprehended by looking at the information collected.Also the impacts of the components, similar to grasp range, wrist stance or utilizing the prevailing side, on every one of the quality classes can be inspected. 4. Strategies The trial task comprised of performing isometric handgrip, squeeze hold and lifting compressions for the mixes of the degrees of wrist act, grasp range and by utilizing the predominant or non-prevailing side in a standing stance. The supplies utilized are handgrip dynamometer, squeeze hold dynamometer and lift platform.Our lab bunch leading this investigation comprises of two female and a male understudy, which are okay given and filled in as subjects. While estimating the hold quality the blends of nonpartisan wrist act with the 5 grasp range settings, fluctuate from 33mm to 85mm, are utilized. For the second setting the blends with the wrist flexion and wrist augmentation are estimated as well. By and large, third setting is the standard for male hand size, and second setting is the standard for female hand size. In the wake of completing the hold quality estimations, the key squeeze quality at nonpartisan arm and wrist pose is estimated. All things considered, by utilizing the lifting stage, MVC for arm, leg and middle quality are estimated. While estimating a wide range of solidarity classifications Caldwell convention is utilized and the entirety of the estimations are done as two preliminaries. The information including just the most extreme accounts can be see n from the table beneath: Table 4. : Collected Data for All Group Members for All Strength Categories |Name |Dominant Grip |Non-prevailing |Dominant |Arm | |Strength(MVC) |GS (MVC) |side GS at |Lift | |elbow 150: | |Female |16. 43 |4. 47 |19. 6 |17 | |Male |37. 86 |6. 69 |44. 81 |19 | The accompanying table consolidates the information gathered from the subjects with the information taken from the populace. By taking a gander at it, one can say that for guys, as for hold quality, our example mean, 37. 86 is about the 25% tile in quality, which implies, Gurkan has more quality than about 25% of the populace. What's more, by utilizing a similar way, we can say that our female subjects have more quality than 2% of the populace on average.And the data like percentiles for the remainder of solidarity classifications can be found in an equivalent way from the table beneath. Table 5. 2: The percentiles of little gathering and information correlation with the populace [pic] Another outcome from the examination is the connection between grasp quality and hold range and wrist/elbow pose. So as to comprehend the impacts, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test is finished. Our ANOVA speculation is as the accompanying; H0:The bunch implies are not extraordinary. H1:The bunch implies are unique. For the ANOVA results we can take a gander at the accompanying table to examine he r-squared qualities, p-qualities and f esteems to comprehend the impacts and connections. As indicated by the outcomes taken; the most elevated p-esteemed factor is the wrist act which has 3 degrees of augmentation, unbiased and flexion. At that point comes the elbow act lastly the grasp range. Table 5. 3: R-squared, p-worth and f estimations of components affecting grasp quality |â |r-squared |p-esteem |f | |grip †range |0. 9395 |0. 64 |3. 45 | |strength | |vs. | |wrist pose |0. 8997 |0. 769 |0. 28 | |elbow act |0. 9896 |0. 321 |1. 71 |The nature of the fit is given by the factual number r-squared. A r-squared of 1. 0 would imply that the model fit the information impeccably, with the line going directly through each datum point. All the more all things considered, with genuine information you'd get a r-squared of around 0. 85. At last so as to help different methods we have taken a gander at the aftereffect of the Tukey’s test. 5. Conversation The ramifications of solidarity estimations in Ergonomic Intervention and the utilizations and significance of solidarity information in ergonomic mediation can be clarified by the methods for the accompanying concepts.Many modern exercises are performed through human intercession. It is commonly acknowledged that information on what an individual can or can't do under determined conditions is fundamental for productive work structure and injury anticipation. Human quality suggestions for apparatus structure and work and workspace configuration have additionally been accepting extensive consideration. Absence of plan rules and s creening methods can prompt over-burdening of the muscle-ligament â€bone-joint framework and, accordingly, weariness and conceivable resulting wounds. In actuality, Chaffin et al. (1978) have revealed that the occurrence pace of back wounds ustained hands on expanded when the activity quality prerequisites surpassed isometric qualities of the laborers. Human qualities of people in this way structure the reason for some plan information bases and screening methodology. In this way we can say that the general plan of these improvements is to decrease wounds and, all the while, amplify mechanical efficiency. 6. Ends AND RECOMMENDATIONS The outcomes demonstrate that in spite of the fact that there’s not a huge distinction, the ideal hold range setting for the guys is the third, for the females is the second setting as it’s been told in the literature.These discoveries were bolstered by the aftereffects of tukey’s test, which shows that the most extreme quality is accomplished with these settings. Additionally when we take a gander at the R-squared qualities from the ANOVA test applied to comprehend the connection between hold quality and grasp length and wrist/elbow pose, we can see that the impact isn't so critical in light of the huge R-squared qualities. Be that as it may, in the event that we need to sort them, wrist act is the most noteworthy, and afterward grasp range and elbow pose come individually, where it tends to be seen effectively from the table underneath: Table 7. : R-squared qualities for the variables affecting grasp strenth |â |r-squared | |grip †range |0. 9395 | |strength | |vs. | |wrist pose |0. 8997 | |elbow pose |0. 9896 | Although the impact isn't noteworthy, the examination recommends that grasp length of an apparatus and the stance of wrist and elbow are significant elements to be considered.From this investigation it very well may be comprehended that the isometric quality estimation is economical and adapt able. In any case, the significant weakness of isometric testing is that just each joint point is tried in turn. In the event that distinctive joint points should be tried, the procedure must be rehashed for each edge. In this way as a further report, wa

Proposed Mandatory Health Care plan by Governor Schwarzenegger Essays

Proposed Mandatory Health Care plan by Governor Schwarzenegger Essays Proposed Mandatory Health Care plan by Governor Schwarzenegger Paper Proposed Mandatory Health Care plan by Governor Schwarzenegger Paper The principle method of reasoning for Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger’s suggestion of the medicinal services plan is to make California’s human services framework increasingly â€Å"accessible, productive, and affordable† (Moffit Owcharenko, 2007). This is achieved by what he considers a messed up social insurance arrangement of the state in which 6.5 million residents of California (making up 20% of the state’s populace) are uninsured (Office of the Governor, 2007a; MSNBC, 2007). He even focused on the present status of the state’s social insurance framework by saying that it is â€Å"in urgent need of repair† (Office of the Governor, 2007a). It is additionally imperative to take a gander at the present and past measurements when discussing this issue. Studies directed in 2005 found that the pace of grown-ups procuring medical coverage from their managers expanded from 55.1 percent in 2003 to 56.2 percent in 2005 (Yoon, Brown, Lavarreda, Glenn, 2006). Beside that, the pace of kids not getting protection diminished from 11.3 percent in 2003 to 10. 7 percent in 2005 which is additionally lower than 14.8 percent in 2001 (Yoon, Brown, Lavarreda, Glenn, 2006). This decline has been highlighted be the aftereffect of most recent developments in the enlistment of youngsters in open protection plans. In addition, it has been discovered that the greater part of the uninsured kids are qualified for getting open protection programs yet a large portion of them are not selected (Lavarreda, Brown, Yoon, Glenn, 2006). Especially, the representative has indicated the crucial components of the proposition: advancement of wellbeing, health, and counteraction; moderate expenses, and the program’s inclusion of all residents of California (Office of the Governor, 2007a). California would be the fifth and the biggest state other than Hawaii, Maine, Massachusetts, and Vermont to endeavor widespread social insurance plan (Steinhauer, 2007). Inclusion of the arrangement The initial segment of the governor’s proposition is centered around counteraction, wellbeing advancement, and health. It incorporated the usage of what has been named the â€Å"Healthy Actions Incentives/Rewards† programs which rewards people who might take an interest in wellbeing focused projects, practices, and practices. These prizes may incorporate weight the executives courses and exercise center enrollments. (Office of the Governor, 2007b) Because of the expanding instances of diabetes in California, it was concluded that the general medicinal services plan likewise address the counteraction and treatment of diabetes. The arrangement would incorporate distinctive intercession techniques, screening, and different projects to lessen the quantity of residents gaining diabetes and to reduce the present state of diabetic patients (Office of the Governor, 2007b). Beside concentrating on diabetes issues of most Californians, this program would likewise concentrate on the expanding paces of corpulent people and tobacco clients. Notwithstanding this counteraction plan, clinical mistakes and diseases obtained from clinical practice is likewise a focal point of the program. The widespread social insurance plan would require the improvement of medicinal services offices and practices. It likewise includes concentrating on the clinical educational plan to ensure that patients are being dealt with appropriately and experience safe clinical mediations (Office of the Governor, 2007b). Schwarzenegger focused on that the all inclusive human services plan would be for all Californians expressing that â€Å"Everyone in California must have wellbeing insurance† (Steinhauer, 2007). This incorporates working and non-working people, grown-ups and kids. As needs be, this arrangement of taking care of all residents would expense an expected $12 billion (Geis Lee, 2007). The term â€Å"everyone† suggests that the arrangement likewise covers unlawful settlers in California. There has been an expected one million illicit foreigners in the state out of the 6.5 million residents (McKinley, 2007).

The Life and Music of John Coltrane free essay sample

Quintet, which included Red Garland, Paul Chambers and Philly Joe Jones. He came to national noticeable quality as a part. Hue moved to New York in 1956. New York was the home of many Jazz artists including Miles Davis, yet additionally record organizations and recording studios. In any case, fiasco struck, Coloration was kicked out by Miles due to heroin compulsion. Shading was squashed and come back to Philadelphia again in the spring of 1957 to kick his heroin propensity and his liquor addiction. With the help of his significant other and his mom, he spent a whole week in isolation, eating nothing and drinking just water.He later portrayed being ? Contacted? By God during the time, and devoted his next account, ? A Love Supreme? , to his Lord. My objective, Coloration said as though (emerging from the remains) like a phoenix to lecture his ? Disclosure? , is to carry on with the really strict life, and express it through my music. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Life and Music of John Coltrane or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page On the off chance that you live it, when you play theres no issue in light of the fact that the music is a piece of the entire thing. To be an artist is truly something. It goes extremely profound. My music is the otherworldly articulation of what I am, my confidence, my insight, my being. He would dispose of his addictions and rejoin the scene with Theologies Monk at New York? S Five Spot, which is know to many Jazz history specialists as a ? Incredible gig?. He in the long run rejoined Miles, by January 958. Starting here on, his tenor work shown astonishing fire and innovation. His music utilized fundamental Jazz as a beginning stage, fused Eastern thoughts and free-Jazz inclinations which incorporated different or extensive soloing with vast vitality. With Miles Davis, Chlorates enormous tone would help make that bunch one of the best Jazz Peg. Outfits at any point collected. While with Miles he partook in such great Davis meetings as Milestones and Kind Of Blue. In 1959, Coloration discharged Giant Steps, a pivotal collection that solidly settled him as a tenor ace. His exemplary Giant Steps collection contained the strong tunes Giant Steps and Countdown?. In 1960, Coloration framed his own gathering. This gathering included McCoy Tuner, Elvin Jones and Jimmy Garrison. This gathering has be recognized as one of the best and most commended bunches in the historical backdrop of Jazz.They recorded and discharged a progression of incredible collections including My Favorite Things, A Love Supreme, Coloration Live at Birdman, Transition, and others. Hue later shaped another creative gathering, maddening with his piano player spouse, Alice. Together they proceeded with an incredibly free and persistent extemporizing style. Hue tried to lead a progressively sound life, however tragically the abundances of his childhood brought about his initial passing at 41 years old of liver malady on July 17, 1967. . It is difficult to get a handle on reality behind John Coloration through a slue of realities and dates.All the realities about his short life, all the recollections of his companions and individual performers, and all the examination of his playing style inform us practically nothing concerning the man Coloration himself. Hue? S conviction was that Jazz depends vigorously on extemporization. He was known to solo for forty five minutes one after another. One of the fascinating things is a similar piece may Coloration is to tune in to his music. Tinge broke the Jazz sound wall with his eager experimentation and extemporizations, his ostentatious free-form of playing drove numerous audience members away. Joel Odor portrays in The Last Giant: The John Coloration Anthology; ? Lets hard to acknowledge, in the event that you werent there, the size of the debate that spun around John Coloration and his music in the late ass and early ass. You either burrowed Trance or you didnt. They attached that equivalent shadow on Monk. In any case, it was Trance ho truly worked me up. Dazes music drove pundits, fans, even performers into brutally ace or con-Coloration camps. I saw folks getting into a physical altercation over his music.The reality that he was not even remotely engaged with the discussion, Just the music, expanded its force. ? Different instances of Collocates mien and style could be added here by Mike Sherwin; ? He (Coloration) loathed being confined by any kind of rules at all. He revealed to Wayne Shorter that he was attempting to figure out how to begin in a sentence and move in the two headings simultaneously. About Schoenberg 12-note yester, he stated: Damn the guidelines. The inclination checks. You play every one of the 12 notes at any rate. A statement that I for one feel that embodies Coloration? S music and style would need to be one before breakfast Severest; ? The every now and again referenced division between Trances red hot, dangerous musicianship and his calm, delicate attitude existed amidst this variety, encompassed by the debates among the pundits, whose pictures of Trance extended from that of an impious culprit of hostile to Jazz to that of an artist whose profession as saxophone soloist, bandleader, and arranger characterized (and accelerated re-imagined) the style of music known a s Jazz.? I think, Coloration shared once, the primary concern an artist might want to do is to give an image to the audience of the numerous great things he knows and faculties known to man. That is the thing that music is to meits Just another method of saying this is a major, lovely universe we live in, that has been given to us, and heres a case of Just how glorious and enveloping it is. That is the thing that I might want to do. I think that is probably the best thing you can do throughout everyday life, and we as a whole attempt to do it here and there. The Caucasians is through his music. John Coloration could? T have said it better, and his universe as saw through his music is without a doubt lovely and quick paced, and yet can be moderate and efficient. He had an unbelievable ability, yet it is the kind of individual he was that makes his music so critical. Tuning in to him one could come to accept he portions? T even know your there he Just plays his emotions, his considerations, his recollections, and we are given an image a window so to talk into his universe of strict dedication and his yearnings. For that numerous audience members and even Caucasians were dismissed feeling like he was a dissident who was delivering nothing feels somewhere inside. Another method of putting that is state he was assaulted in light of the fact that he decided not to twist his ideas of music so as to oblige the pre-conclusions and restrictions of the crowds ear. Yet, for similar reasons others were attracted to that one of a kind style of music. His music was non political generally with the exception of Alabama, his commendation for four youthful dark young ladies slaughtered in the besieging of the sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham.

Winning Hearts And Minds - A New T. Rex Burger CSR Initiative - 2750 Words

Winning Hearts And Minds - A New T. Rex Burger CSR Initiative (Research Paper Sample) Content: Winning Hearts and Minds -T. Rex Burger CSR Initiative Words (2074) - Executive summary This report mainly outlines the implementation of a new CSR initiative by T. Rex Burger, a fast food restaurant operating in USA and India. The report establishes that T. Rex Burger Company new CSR initiative will include the adoption of environmental friendly training, going green programs and general promotion of environmental protection plans in all its operations. The company plans to introduce green packaging and recyclable food containers to its customers. Furthermore, the firm supports proper collaboration with all its stakeholders. However, the reports highlight and outline resistance to change, cultural differences and poor communication models as part of challenges that may impact the implementation of the new CSR negatively. To address these challenges, this report recommends the need for adopting open communication and proper cooperation with all its stakeholders. The firm should take advantage of its strengths and deals with its weakness as well in the process of imple menting its new CSR programs. It is expected that this will improve the firm market performance and revenue generation in the long run. Table of Contents Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u 1. Introduction PAGEREF _Toc513556567 \h 12. Company Overview PAGEREF _Toc513556568 \h 22.1 Company Profile PAGEREF _Toc513556569 \h 22.2 Organisational Structure PAGEREF _Toc513556570 \h 22.3 Stakeholders of the company PAGEREF _Toc513556571 \h 33. T. Rex Burger’s CSR Initiative PAGEREF _Toc513556572 \h 43.1 Issues surrounding CSR initiative implementation PAGEREF _Toc513556573 \h 43.1.1 Communication barriers PAGEREF _Toc513556574 \h 43.1.2 Resistance to change PAGEREF _Toc513556575 \h 53.1.3 Organisational Structure PAGEREF _Toc513556576 \h 53.2 Implementation strategies for T. Rex Burger new CSR initiative PAGEREF _Toc513556577 \h 63.2.1 Effective communication PAGEREF _Toc513556578 \h 63.2.2 Eliminating resistance to change PAGEREF _Toc513556579 \h 63.2.3 Improvement of T. Rex Burger’s organisational structure PAGEREF _Toc513556580 \h 73.3 Impact of culture on T. Rex Burger’s new CSR initiative PAGEREF _Toc513556581 \h 73.5 Eco nomic and financial considerations PAGEREF _Toc513556582 \h 94. Strengths and weaknesses of T. Rex Burger’s change campaign PAGEREF _Toc513556583 \h 94.1 Strengths PAGEREF _Toc513556584 \h 94.2 Weaknesses PAGEREF _Toc513556585 \h 105. Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc513556586 \h 10References PAGEREF _Toc513556587 \h 11 1. Introduction According to Carroll (1991CSR refers to corporate social responsibility and it involves the creation of profits and being accountable to the stakeholders of the company. Through the application of CSR initiatives, companies are able to conduct their business in ethical, legal and moral ways. This ensures that the company top management is taking into account the social, economic and environmental impact of their operations and activities in the society. Further, Kakabadse and Kakabadse (2007) indicated that CSR is very important to all companies globally. Based on the above premise, this report provides CSR initiative by T. Rex Burger Company. Furthermore, strategies adopted in the implementation of new CSR initiatives are provided, challenges are also well analyzed. The implementation schedule, costs of the CSR initiative as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the T. Rex Burger Company CSR initiative are also discussed in this report. The report also highlights and outlines so me o the CSR strategies used by the T. Rex Burger Company to win the hearts and minds of their stakeholders in both USA and India. 2. Company Overview 2.1 Company Profile T. Rex Burger Company was founded in late 1998 by Mr. Tyrannosaurus Rex. The company headquarter is based in New York City. The company currently operates in both USA and India. Notably, the company main purpose is to promote a culture of healthy food and mainly serve their customers burgers and vegetables. Currently, the firm has more than 10,000 employees in its USA branch and around 2,000 employees in India. The company mission is to become one of the best, highest quality as well as most trusted fast food restaurant in the global society. The firm deals with ethical CSR and engages in the promotion of environmental protection initiatives. 2.2 Organisational Structure The T. Rex Burger Company is headed by a CEO in USA and by a branch director in India as illustrate in figure 1 and 2 below. The second in rank after the CEO are directors. Other business unit or departmental heads including production manager, marketing manager, research and development, human resource and quality control manager are part of the organization structure and management in both USA and India. As the head of the company, the CEO roles include strategic planning, coordination and setting policies to guide the firm operations. CEOProductionMarketingHuman ResourcesFinancialRD Quality ControlRecruitmentTrainingAccount Figure 1: The above diagram shows the organisational structure of T. Rex Burger in USA (Source: Author) Branch DirectorProductionFinancialTrainingMarketingRDQuality Control Figure 2: The above diagram shows the organisational structure of T. Rex Burger in India (Source: Author) 2.3 Stakeholders of the company Burke (2017) noted that global organizations or companies do not operate in vacuum and deals with several parties and stakeholders. Majority of the stakeholders have interests in the firm major operations and activities. Notably, close analysis of the T. Rex Burger Company indicate that it has both internal and external stakeholders (primary and secondary stakeholders). The internal stakeholders include the employees, the customers, the suppliers, shareholders and the management including the board of directors. On the other hand, the external stakeholders include the government, local authorities, pressure groups, competitors as well as the general public and trade unions. Importantly, the T. Rex Burger Company top management should consider the interests and values of all its stakeholders especially in its CSR initiatives. Having proper support from all stakeholders will ensure smooth operations, high levels of transparency, fairness and accountability in all the firm activities. CustomersManagersTeam FunctionalSuppliersBranchBoard of directorsShareholdersGovernmentCompetitorsLocal AuthoritiesGeneral Public UnionPressure Group Figure 3: The figure above shows the stakeholders of T. Rex Burger Company (Source: Author) 3. T. Rex Burger’s CSR Initiative According to Carol (2016), total corporate social responsibility involves ethical, legal as well as economic and philanthropic responsibilities of a company. Nalband and Kelabi (2014) also noted that different companies have different CSR initiatives and programs. However, with high demand and need for the application of moral and ethical standards in current global business operations, this report suggest the need for introducing environmental friendly practices in its all operations. 3.1 Issues surrounding CSR initiative implementation Some of the CSR initiatives that the T. Rex Burger Company should implement include the adoption of green packaging, the use of proper recycling as well as reduction of wastage through adoption of environmental friendly practices. It is expected that this will contribute towards long term contribution to sustainable development of the environment. Recycling initiatives will also benefit the company by increasing its profitability levels. 3.1.1 Communication barriers According to Cummings and Worley (2014), different communication norms and structures usually become and act as a barrier towards organization change. The CSR initiative implementation process should involve the consideration of communication models used in both USA and India. Kandlousi et al., (2010) noted that the USA people prefer direct communication methods unlike in India. Unlike India, USA is a low context culture and communication should be done through the use of least amount of words. Importantly, the company should adopt brief communication models to promote emotional resonance. This may include the consideration o non-verbal cues in the firm communication systems. 3.1.2 Resistance to change There are several factors that lead to resistance to change in organizations. Some of the issues that may lead to resistance to change within the organization include discomfort with uncertainties, lack of conviction and high concerns about future competence and sustainability of the new initiative. High costs of the training and equipments may also be a challenge to the new initiative. However, it is expected that the CSR initiative will result in adoption of new changes that may stir interest of all the stakeholders. 3.1.3 Organisational Structure A close evaluation of the T. Rex Burger Company structure reveals some challenges associated with inflexibility and constrained flow of information. This may limit transformation and change in the company. Therefore, there is need for inter-departmental collaboration and coordination to improve and promote the new CSR changes. There is also the need for establishment of clear order of command from the highest or top to the lowest ranks as shown in the figure 4 below. This will create good flow of information and continuous flow of operations and activities. Interdepartmental CommitteeT. Rex Burger Company CEO USA CEOIndia CEODirector operationsDirectors CorporateDepartmental HeadsDepartmental Heads Figure 4: Showing new recommended T. Rex Burger organisational structure (Source: Author) 3.2 Implementation strategies for T. Rex Burger new CSR initiative 3.2.1 Effective communication The adoption of effective communication platforms by the company is part of strategies that the can be used to implement new CSR in the firm. Th...

Featured Test Prep Student Sonoi Kawakami

Philadelphia’s A+ Test Prep and Tutoring is making waves in Hawaii! Recently we sat down to talk with Hawaii resident Sonoi Kawakami (by phone, of course) about her experiences and achievements working online with our tutor, Julie Mueller. Sonoi’s uncle first recommended A+ to her. Sonoi’s Uncle James knows A+ president Dan Ascher very well and had complete confidence that A+, even across an ocean and a continent, was the right choice for his niece. And he was right! A+ helped Sonoi bring her composite ACT score up five points, from 17 to 22. A+: So what was it like working with a tutor thousands of miles away? Sonoi: Well, there was the time difference. (Note: Hawaii is six hours behind Philadelphia.) Waking up early to work with Julie was hard! But that was really the only problem. It helped that I was able to hear and talk to Julie, and we had the same book, of course. She gave great explanations, and she was so easy to talk to! A+: What other things did you like about the program? Sonoi: I liked the consistency of working every week. I also thought the practice tests were very helpful. My biggest challenge was math, especially running out of time on the math section. My tutoring sessions really helped me improve that way! I got lots of good advice from Julie. She taught me how to manage my time—how not to let individual questions eat it up. She also showed me how to review my answers at the end. A+: Congratulations on your success in raising your ACT score so much! What is next for you? Sonoi: Thank you! I plan to take the SAT as well as the ACT. My goal is to get a score of 1300! Right now I’m interested in a career as a physician, and one of the schools I’ve been looking at is Washington State University. A+: Any advice for other students who would like to do what you did? Sonoi: Be consistent. I had to keep up with my tutoring assignments, even though I had a lot of other activities going on at the same time (Sonoi took AP English, played soccer, and worked as a babysitter). Also, try not to look at the answers in the book until you’ve done the problem—otherwise you won’t learn! We also spoke with Julie Mueller, Sonoi’s tutor. Julie had nothing but praise for her former student. Julie: Sonoi was a real pleasure to work with because she was the type of student who always had a sunny disposition, no matter how much material we worked through. She was diligent as she worked and receptive to any comments I might make about how to improve her score or what to watch out for on the test, which made my job easy. And despite the fact that Sonoi was across the continent and across half the Pacific (Hawaii), her attitude during our online tutoring sessions made the distance seem negligible. How did A+ help make Sonoi’s higher test scores a reality at such a distance? One of the factors was our online tutoring system, iCollaborate. All that is necessary to take advantage of online tutoring is a computer with a broadband Internet connection (DSL, FIOS, cable); a microphone; a headset, earbuds, or speakers; a webcam; and the latest version of Adobe Flash. According to Dan Ascher, CEO of A+, â€Å"the best aspects of in-person tutoring translate very well to face-to-face online tutoring.† Tutors are trained to deal with the occasional issue—like audio lag time. However, Dan says, â€Å"a live, face-to-face online tutoring session allows the tutor to respond to the student’s needs, struggles, motivation, and other nonverbal cues.† At A+ Test Prep and Tutoring, we are here to help make the testing process as productive and stress-free as possible. If you would like more information about any of our services, our Client Service Directors Anne Stanley and Susan Ware are available to answer questions and provide solutions. You may reach either of them by calling A+ Test Prep and Tutoring at 215-886-9188.

Osteoarthritis A Degenerative Arthritis - 1631 Words

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative arthritis, a condition in which joint cartilage degenerates or breaks down. New tissue, which grows at the ends of bones, now has no cartilage cap to control it. Instead, this new bone forms into strange lips and spurs that grind and grate and get in the way of movement of the joint. Osteoarthritis is common in older people after years of wear-and-tear that thin the cartilage and the bones. Osteoarthritis can also result from diseases in which there is softening of the bone, like Paget s disease in which the long bones of the body curve like a bow, or osteoporosis with its bowing of the shoulder called dowager s hump, or other bone degeneration. Other forms of arthritis can also cause a secondary†¦show more content†¦It seems to start more in the winter and after some siege of sickness, but it is not considered an infective arthritis. Nobody knows what causes rheumatoid arthritis. There may be some hereditary trait, and there seems to be some connection to viral infections like German measles and serum hepatitis, the liver disease brought on by an injection of one kind or another. Because of this, scientists theorize that rheumatoid arthritis may be an autoimmune disease, one in which the body acts as though it were allergic to itself. The immune system gets mixed up and attacks normal joint tissue instead of the stuff it is supposed to attack. Polyarteritis Nodosa is also an inflammatory arthritis, fortunately it is a rare form of arthritis. It can lead to complications that are dangerous to life. It affects four times as many males as females, mostly young adults. There is joint and muscle pain, ulcers or sores on the legs and gangrene of the fingers and toes because of interrupted blood supply to those parts. The organs of the body are almost all involved, producing symptoms like sudden blindness, hemiplegia, and heart disease. Aggressive treatment prevents death, which at one time resulted within five years. Miraculously, some cases simply get better for no apparent reasons, called spontaneous remission. Ankylosing Spondylitis is an inflammatory arthritis of the spine which causes ankylosing or fusing of the vertebrae. It is more common in young men that women, and more

Connie Is Amidst An Immature Disobedience - 1270 Words

The fifteen year old protagonist of the story, Connie is amidst an immature disobedience. She contends with her mom and sister, June, and dismisses family life for investigating young men at the neighborhood eatery. She tries to seem more established and shrewder than she is, and her head is loaded with fantasies and prevalent music that sustain her thoughts of sentiment and affection. At the point when Arnold Friend touches base at Connie’s home, she should face the cruel substances of adulthood, which look to some extent like her dreams. Connie rejects the part of being a little girl, sister and ‘pleasant’ young lady to develop her sexual persona, which prospers just when she is far from her home and family. She ridicules her unattractive more established sister, June, and is in consistent clash with her family. Her worries are normally pre-adult: she fixates on her looks, listens to music, hangs out with her companions, flirts with young men, and investigates h er sexuality. She enjoys the way that younger and even older men find her appealing. Connie has developed a specific way of dressing, walking, and laughing that make her sexually engaging, in spite of the fact that these idiosyncrasies are just brief affectations. She acts one way in her home and a completely different way when she is somewhere else. â€Å"Everything about her had two sides to it, one for home and one for anywhere that was not home: her walk, which could be childlike and bobbing, or languid enough to

The Ethics Of An Ethical Dilemma - 1201 Words

Introduction An ethical dilemma by definition is a situation that requires an individual to make a choice between two equally unfavorable alternatives (Castalano, 2009-outsourced from book, pg 87). An ethical dilemma only occurs when there is no clear correct answer to choose one action over another. Ethical Ideas Ethical principles are defined as being set guidelines that influence decision making. Autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, veracity, and justice are used frequently to assist health care workers in decision making(pg87, book). Autonomy means that each individual is capable and able to make their own choices for themselves. This is true most the time, except for when speaking of children, the mentally ill, or comatose individuals. Beneficence is defined as the ethical accountability that each person has to promote the good in another person. Veracity is defined as being honest at all costs, even when it seems necessary to not be. Non-maleficence is defined as to do no harm, which means that we don’t make a problem worse, or create even a new problem. For example, if we don’t turn a patient who is bedridden every two hours to a different position, further harm will occur because they will incur possible bedsores and infection. We know to implement interventions in ord er to prevent this, but the situation can occur from being too lazy, forgetful, or too busy, and for all these reasons we would be guilty of being maleficent. Justice is defined as treating allShow MoreRelatedEthics And The Ethical Dilemma1324 Words   |  6 PagesEthics in business has to do with making the right choices - often there is no apparent one right way and one must choose the best in the circumstances. Managers are sometimes faced with business choices that create tensions between ethics and profits, or between their private gain and the public good. Any decision where moral considerations are relevant can potentially give rise to an ethical dilemma, for example: †¢ A decision that requires a choice between rules †¢ A decision where there is no ruleRead MoreEthics : Ethical And Ethical Dilemmas1473 Words   |  6 Pages Ethics Help the Helper in Ethical Dilemmas Fred L. Slack University of the Rockies Abstract In ethical decision-making, there is an established way to address resolving ethical dilemmas systematically and following established decision-making steps to resolve ethical dilemmas effectively. Applied established ethical-decision making steps along with an understanding of established ethical codes is essential Here we will comprehensively discuss how a professional wouldRead MoreEthics And The Ethical Dilemma1252 Words   |  6 PagesAnswer 1) In general, Ethical dilemma occurs in every business field and in every area of work. Now speaking about the ethics in an engineering perspective we generally refers to code of ethics 2010 that was written for Engineers in Australia. But these are basically applied to all employees in engineering field. The four principles to be followed according to code of Ethics 2010 are 1. Demonstrate Integrity. 2. Practice Competently. 3. Exercise Leadership. 4. Promote Sustainability. NowRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma And Ethics2010 Words   |  9 PagesDilemma #1: Name: Dat Le Student ID #: 1527599 †¢ What is the ethical dilemma and, specifically, what are the two â€Å"goods† in conflict? â€Å"Brad is a production engineer at a bicycle company and part of his job includes inspecting broken bikes and drafting the design repairs for their repair† (Bartlett). 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In every organization individuals face ethical and moral dilemmas, which is definitelyRead MoreEthics Chapter 1 Ethical Dilemma Essay690 Words   |  3 PagesEthics Chapter 1 An Ethical Dilemma – Questions/Exercises 1. What is/are John’s ethical issues? I do not know the exact definition of ethical but I believe it to be related to our behavior and the decisions we make and if they are considered right or wrong by society. I am sure there are times when a situation may be perfectly legal but we may not think it is okay. Keeping this in mind, John’s ethical issues include thoroughly researching IPOs and using this information to his advantageRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of The Law Enforcement Code Of Ethics1309 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract An ethical dilemma is an intricate situation that in most cases involves a mental conflict between moral obligations, in which to observe one would result in disobeying another. Tony, do not get Johnny in trouble.† The first order given to Tony Denardo by the sergeant is going to be the most significant, life-changing order that was given; unfortunately for Johnny the order was ignored. Throughout the scenario, there are instances where Tony takes Johnny under his wing and teaches him byRead MoreMedical Ethics : Medical Ethical Dilemma Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Ethical Dilemma 1. Why did you select this topic? I choose the article, A Medical Miracle Poses Ethical Dilemma written by Anna Gorman and published in the Los Angeles Times. It stood out to me because it dealt with a baby in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) born at twenty-four weeks’ gestation, weighing nine ounces. I want to be a NICU nurse so I am sure I will be faced with an issue similar to this at some point in my career. 2. What are your feelings about this dilemma? Are you

Warning Arts Education Is Declining - 1392 Words

Jordan Tanley Gallos English 3 Honors 4/19/16 Warning: Arts Education Is Declining Approximately 20 years ago global studies comparing student test scores in the core subjects showed that American students were not performing as well as students in many other countries and that this performance appeared to be worsening. As a result, the federal government became more involved and forced schools to adopt a new set of standards that emphasized the core subjects. Unfortunately, this initiative often led schools to limit or discontinue arts education. Programs and laws such as the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) initiative, Common Core, and the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) have, while trying to improve our students performance, caused another problem. Many studies show that students who participate in arts education have better observation skills, comprehension, better attention to detail, improved social skills, are less likely to be depressed, etc. this is why the lack of education in the arts is doing a disservice to our nation s students. Budget cuts have affected the arts programs the most. â€Å"It’s estimated that since 2008, more than 80 percent of schools nationwide experienced cuts to their budgets. As a remedy in some instances, art programs were partially or completely eliminated from affected school districts.† (School). Arts education funds come from three main sources: National, State, and Local. Over the past twenty years, funds have fluctuated up and down, butShow MoreRelatedHomework: Because 7 Hours of School Isn’t Already Enough Essay1337 Words   |  6 Pagesamount of stress caused by schoolwork among high school students (Slate Magazine). 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Around 1993 corruption took Serrano when he illegally dissolved congress and the Supreme Court and tried to limit civilRead MoreDumbest Generation Analysis Essay3052 Words   |  13 Pagesone-third recognized the American general at Yorktown. -Less than one-fourth indentified James Madison as the â€Å"father of the Constitution†.† B. Civics-â€Å"In a 2003 survey on the First Amendment commissioned by the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, only one in 50 colleges students named the first right guaranteed in the amendment, and one out of four did not know nay freedom protected by it. i. In a 2003 study sponsored by the National Conference of State Legislatures entitled Citizenship:Read MoreColony Collapse Disorder1901 Words   |  8 PagesDisorder is a phenomenon affecting domestic and wild honey bee colonies worldwide. Basically what is happening is worker bees are leaving the hive and not coming back but disappearing. There are warning signs of a hive on the verge of collapse. Queen bees are seen outside of the hive is one warning sign of impending collapse. Another is juvenile bees making up the workforce. The juvenile bees are not capable of caring for the larvae. Bees also will not eat their own stores. Once a hive hasRead More A, B, C...Not As Easy As 1, 2, 3: Are College-Bound Students Prepared?2056 Words   |  9 Pageseducational system in the United States has seen many changes over its history as a country, and most recently, alarming news of the US slipping greatly behind in the Global Education Race and the College Board changing college admi ssion standards have drastically changed the face of higher education (Snider, Global Education Race). As it is, students already struggle tremendously to adjust to the overwhelming new aspects of a college life. With little preparation, these events only worsen the minimumRead MoreExtend School Year2056 Words   |  9 Pagesschool year is averaged to about 230 days (Hughes). These countries are very competitive and are steadily rising in rankings and economy, while America is falling. According to the National Commission on Excellence in Education, America is declining rapidly in academics as well, warning of a â€Å"rising tide of mediocrity that threatens our very future as a nation and as a people† (National Policies for Improvement). The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment, or PISA, tests students aroundRead MoreTexting Is Becoming Popular Among Teenagers Essay2317 Words   |  10 Pagesin their classwork† (Dansieh 222). However, utilizing wrong g rammar, shortened words, and misspellings during the use of social media and texting has been formally adopted in the proper English language as well and is also being utilized in our education system. When Nicholas Carr posed the question â€Å"Is Google making us stupid?† he raised some flags about how life is being changed by the Internet and ignited an important debate. In his book, Carr describes how various innovations shaped the mindRead MoreAnalysis Of The Original Version Of Kanye Wests Latest Single Power2029 Words   |  9 Pagesvulgarity in the lyrics. However, a radio edited and condensed version was released pairing the song down to almost half its original length (billboard.com). Power, the radio edited version, debuted on billboards at number 22 and has been steadily declining ever since. The explicit version has done even worse than the edited version, only rising to number 67 at its peak on the billboards (billboard.com). Although the song has not done as well as was expected on various charts and billboards, the musicRead MoreCPE Madureira 20087955 Words   |  32 Pages  See  E1  and  E3. 3.  We  decided  to  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚  dancers  who/  that  /  whom  we  had  seen  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚  See  E2. 4.  The  new  concert  hall,  which  holds  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚  people,  was  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚  See  E1  and  E3 5.  The  band  ICE,  whose  manager  has  just  resigned,  is  /are  currently  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚  See  E5. 6.  He  had  never  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚  education,  which  amazed  me.  See  E6. 7.  Skiing  and  snowboarding,  both  of  which  are†¦Ã‚  sports,  can  now  be  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚  See  E4. 8.  The  new  stadium  won’t  be  finished  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚  years,  by  which  time  it  will  be  out  of  date.  See E4. I 1.  The  losing  team,  who  were  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚  defeat,  trudged  towards  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚  The  verb  is  passiveRead MoreThe Censorship of Art Essay example14698 Words   |  59 PagesThe Censorship of Art While the censorship of art is not a new phenomenon, recent years have witnessed renewed and intensified attempts to control popular culture. In particular, rap and rock music have come under increasing attack from various sides representing the entire left and right political spectrum, purportedly for their explicit sexual and violent lyrical contents. In this paper is investigated which moral codes underlie these claims against popular music, how social movements mobilize

Maestro free essay sample

Keller’s experiences during World War II have led him to view the world as a dark, sinister place. Living in Vienna, the home of Mozart, Keller was a respectable pianist and had a loving family. However the effects of a Nazi government caused him to loose the most precious thing in his life, his family, and affected his life in such a way that he exiled himself from everything that reminds him of them. his guilt is carried by Keller constantly, and we begin to see signs of blame in things that Keller says and does. resume writing service houston Keller continually tells Paul that â€Å"Work makes free† – the same words that framed the gateway to the Auschwitz death camp. When Keller joins the Crabbes at a symphony orchestra concert in Darwin, he begins to cry and shout during a Wagner excerpt. He expresses his loss for his wife and son as his wife Mathilde was a Wagner specialist, and Paul discovers the extent of Keller’s pain when he arrives at his lesson one day to find Keller playing and singing Wagner. We will write a custom essay sample on Maestro or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ultimately, Keller blames himself for his family’s death, saying that he was â€Å"too insensitive† to leave Austria when they had the chance as he thought that â€Å"The evil would pass†¦ All things pass. † As a form of self-punishment Keller registered as a Jew to try and find them, and when he was unsuccessful in that, he cut off his finger. Henisch tells Paul that Keller had told him â€Å"if he ever felt the desire to play again he would hack off his fingers, one by one†. This serves as a constant reminder to Keller of his family and how his music was unable to save them. Although Keller’s tragedy lies in his past, it continues to haunt him throughout his life in Australia. hroughout his life, Keller had to deal with the most distressing situation of them all, loosing his family. Although Paul did not have a ‘picture-perfect’ life, Peter Goldsworthy shows a deliberate contrast between Paul’s supportive family and carefree childhood and Keller’s frightful loss of his family during World War II. It is our experiences who make us who we are, and Keller’s story reveals the darker side of human experiences compared to Paul’s. Keller carries a relentless guilt about his familys death and blames his passion for music. He attempts to escape the loss of his family by removing himself from Vienna to Darwin. Yet he still cannot forget both his family and love of music Kellers suffering from his painful past and how his attempt to forget it fails. He believed that he could save his family by performing for Hitler. However after his beloved wife and child were murdered in the Holocaust, he is unable to perceive life the way he did before the war. He goes to the extent of cutting off his right finger in order to punish himself for his love of music and his misguided arrogance. After the war, he also removes himself physically from Vienna to Darwin where there is no musical culture. His punishment and isolation still fails to erase his past as he still keeps family photo on the piano. His effort to disconnect from memory being unsuccessful is further reinforced in a scene where he is â€Å"wobbling to his feet, shouting in German and † when he hears Wagner music. Furthermore, the fact that he collects articles about tragic and cruel incident, shows his fainted view of humanity, which is another side effect of the devastation he experienced during World War 2. In Pauls last visit to Keller, Keller admits that he â€Å"[has] been too hard on [Paul]. † This indicates that he still remember his lost son Eric and considers Paul to be like a surrogate son. In a sense, Keller attempts to fill a void left from the hideous loss. These examples show the hardship associated with forgetting the past and its overwhelming influence on individuals.

Economic Inequality in Africa

Question: Why have some African countries experienced increases in standard of living, while others have remained mired in poverty? Answer: Introduction It has been found that there are 55 countries in Africa. There are less than 10 countries out of these 55 countries have economic success stories (Botswana, Gambia, Mauritius, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zambia). Some of these countries have independent media. Banik (2013) stated that, in the year of 1990, there were only 4 African nations democratic. Today after 26 years, 15 new additions have been made in this list. At this rate after 10 to 20 years, Africa will become a fully democratic country. 2015 is the year marked as the 20th year of economic growth of Sub-Saharan Africa (Mkandawire, 2015). During this time period, the average economic growth of Africa is 5.2% (Mkandawire, 2015). It is considered as the fastest growing continent due to this huge economic growth. It gives rise to a new buzz in Africa named as Rising Africa. However, the picture of inequality in Africa is very complex. It has been found that 7 out of 10 most unequal countries of the world exist in Africa (Bornschier, 2 015). It is been reported that the amount of economic inequality in Africa is increasing rapidly compared to other continents. It has been found that the number of extremely wealthy families in Africa is increasing very rapidly. However, the economic difference between the urban and rural areas of Africa is also growing at a rapid speed (Mkandawire, 2015). It has been found that the integration between occupation and education remains low in Africa. Banik (2013) depicted that Africa is an anomaly amongdeveloping countries, which signifies that it has a good infrastructural facility along with huge social and economic problems. This can be seen through the evidence that only six African countriesattained the Fraser Institutes latest Economic Freedom; however, the 17 of the African countries are at the bottom of the list. The theory of economy primarily emphasizes on the availability of utility, commodity, wealth, land, value, capita and labour (Enowbi Batuo Asongu, 2015). It can be stated that over the last two decades, Africa is improving their nations condition as a result, they have hosts many events like African Utility, where conference and trade exhibition for African power and water are being conducted. The prime objective for these gathering is to develop the TD, metering, finance, reliability, clean energy, water supply or energy efficiency so that the quality of living of the African country can be enhanced (Enowbi Bat uo Asongu, 2015). Moreover, for the seventeen under-developed countries in the Africa, their nature of being remained closer to nature and desire to remain with the natural phenomena make them backward compared to other countries. Bornschier (2015) criticized that in Botswana, Gambia and Mauritius, African Development Foundation(ADF) supports female African entrepreneurs. It emphasizes on establishing power plants; in African countries like Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique and Niger is suffering from climate issues and regular change in the colonialism and their lack of adopting technological advances is the major reason of their poverty and low standard of living. From the poverty report of Africa, it has been found that: Most of the countries of Africa are not doing well while considering economic development despite the availability of enormous amount wealth in the continent. These countries are Algeria, Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Republic of the Congo, CtedIvoire, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Niger, Togo, and Zimbabwe. Wide verities of minerals are available in these countries like Gold, Palladium, diamonds and Coltan (Volmink Dare, 2012). Despite of the enormous amount of wealth, all these countries mired in abject misery, chaos, poverty and deprivation (Iradian, 2015). It has been reported that the number of people living under 1.25$ per day is increasing from 350 million in 1996 to 415 million in the year of 2011 (Enowbi Batuo Asongu, 2015). The Sub-Saharan Africa is identified as the poorest region in the world (Banik, 2013). It has not changed in 25 years. In the year of 2003, the U nited Nations Developing Program (UNDP) had warned that this prevailing rate, it would take 150 years for Africa to reach Millennium Development Goal (MDG), which was agreed by UN members to be completed within 2015 (Volmink Dare, 2012). It has been found that the nonmonetary dimensions of African countries are improving but not at satisfactory rate. In the year of 1995, the adult literacy rate of these countries is increased 4% (Easterly, 2012). In addition, the gender gaps in these countries are also shrinking rapidly in these countries. Newborn babies are expected to live six years longer. In addition, it has been found that prevalence of malnutrition among 5 year old babies are decreasing by 6% and become 39% (Talbot, 2015). On the contrary, the amount of enrollment of students in schools still remain low in most of the countries. In addition, it has been found that still 40% of the adults remain illiterate. It has been found that, resource enriched countries of Africa have worse human welfare indicators compare to other countries. Factors Affecting the Divergent Economic Trend of Africa In order to explain this divergent trends of the countries in Africa, Bornschier (2015) mentioned that majority of the benefits of economic growth is captured by rich people in most of the countries of Africa. It increases economic inequality between people of Arica. The rich people (only 1%) is becoming more reach and poor people are becoming more poorer. There are five factors discussed below to analyze the inequality trend of economy and increase of poverty in majority of the countries of Africa. The first reason is the rapid population growth in in Sub-Saharan Africa. It has been found that the population growth rate of the region is approximately 2.6% (Easterly, 2012). While African countries are generating more income, it is distributed among ever-increasing amount of people. The income of this region is increasing faster than it population. For this reason, the amount of average income in this region is increasing. It has been found that people live in extreme poverty is falling from 60% in the year of 1996 to 47% in the year of 2011 (Heshmati, 2015). However, Bornschier (2015) argued that the rate at which poverty is falling is lower than the rate of population increase. For this reason, the number of poor people in most of the countries of Africa is increasing. According to the world forecast report, the growth forecast for the region is only 4%. However, the population growth is 2.6%. For this reason, the per capita growth of the country becomes only 1.4% (Rule et al., 2015). In comparison, the world has economic growth of 2.9% and population growth of 1.1% (Volmink Dare, 2012). It means per capita income is 1.8%. This result indicates that the per capita income rate of Africa will remain lower compare to the rest of the world. The second factor is the depth of poverty in African countries. It has been found that most of the poor peoples of Africa exist far below the minimum income level (Rule et al., 2015). In the year of 2011, it has been found that the average income level of poor people is 74 cents per day while in the rest of the developing countries it is 98 cents (Rule et al., 2015). Hence, even if their income is increasing, it is not enough to push them over $1.25 brink. This has held the poverty reduction program in African countries. The third reason is the economic disparity in most of the African countries. (Easterly, 2012) argued that although, inequality is not rising in most of the countries of Arica, it is already far beyond high level. Pieterse (2015) mentioned that, countries where economic disparity is high, economic development is able to deliver as much poverty reduction as it is expected. Talbot (2015) stated that the degree of inequality in the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa is worse than it looks. According to Zartman (2015), due to the fact that the Sub-Saharan African region is divided in to so much countries that the difference between their income level becomes masked. Heshmati (2015) indicated that, if Africa were a single country, then this economic disparity would become much worse than Latin America. It has been found that the income level of people of Africa vary enormously. For this reason, only a small fraction of poor people will be able to cross the margin of poverty level at a time. O n the contrary, countries like India, where a large number of people live just below the average income level of $1.25. It means small amount of increase of income level can cause a flood of people to cross the poverty level (Pieterse, 2015). These three factors are able to explain why this huge amount of economic growth of Africa is not able to reduce the poverty level in this continent compare to the rest of the world. However, these factors are not able to explain why the number of people in Africa is actually increasing since the start of the century. The next two factors will explain this point. The fourth major factor is the degree of mismatch between the region of growth occurrence and the region where poor people of Africa actually live. Iradian (2015) stated that, the acceleration of economic growth has certainly become advantageous for some of the countries of Africa. They are such as Ethiopia, Rwanda and Mozambique (Pieterse, 2015). However, countries like Madagascar and Congo have not seen any economic growth in the last 2 decades (Heshmati, 2015). For this reason, the number of poor people has in these countries accordingly. Hence, as long as these countries are becoming able to establish a sustainable economic development, the number of poor people in Sub-Saharan Africa will never reduce (Talbot, 2015). The fifth major factor is the quality of data collection. It has been found that estimation of the poverty is estimated from the household survey that most of the countries of Africa are very infrequently (Ostby et al., 2012). In addition, operational glitches often affect the credibility of the result. For example, In country Nigeria, at first it was surveyed that only 25% of the total people of Nigeria live behind the poverty line. However, this survey had some well-documented flaws. From a latest survey result, it is analyzed that the poverty level of Nigeria is considerably lower. It has also been found that poverty rate of the country is falling at higher rate than it is actually estimated. Spaull (2013) mentioned that the dissonance between the economic growth and number of poor people has become a striking phenomenon that requires explanation. The result of the analysis only indicates that the economic growth has only benefitted reach people. Pitfall in the Attempt to Improve Africa In the theory of economic politics, William Keech (1995) mentioned that over the last few decades various efforts have been made by many welfare organizations, international institutions and donors in order to help Africa to reduce its economic disparity. However, most of them met with disaster. Zartman (2015) mentioned that, efforts must be continued but it is required to avoid pitfalls. There are several pitfalls in the attempt has been identified. Correction of these pitfalls can help to improve inequality among countries of Among Africa. These pitfalls are described below: Shed Political Correctness (African people require straight talk) It has been found that there are many people in the continent of Africa, who do not want to highlight issues of the country due to maintain political correctness. In the theory of political economy, James Caporaso and David Levine (1992) had mentioned that most of the people fear to criticized their leaders as they would be marked as racist. They need to understand that, they will not be able to help Africa, if they do not talk honestly about the continent. Fosu (2012) mentioned that, most of the people of Arica understand that their countries are suffering from severe leadership failure. Houweling and Kunst (2013) argued that, during 1960, there were more than 220 head of state in Africa. However, people of Africa recognized only 10% of them as good leaders (Ostby et al., 2012). Even majority of them has faced utter failures- an assortment of Jaguar Marxists, Swiss Bank Socialists, vampire elites, crocodile liberators and briefcase bandits (Zartman, 2015). Countries need Avoid Obsession with Charisma and Rhetoric Leaders (Countries need to focus on institutions) It has been found that in past, especially in the west Africa, It has become a tendency to embrace any African leader who recognized himself as anti-communist (Spaull, 2013). There are various examples such as Samual Doe (Liberia), Danial ara Moi (Kenya) and Mobutu Sese Seko (Congo). It has been analyzed that most of the Charismatic leaders of Western Africa were hostile in nature (Fosu, 2015). It has been found that there were various external factors that cause post-colonial stagnation in Africa (Ostby et al., 2012). These factors influence these leaders to become hostile. They are such as unjust international economic system, Western imperialism and colonialism, inadequate foreign aid and the severe impact of slave trade. For instance, Mugabe blames British colonialism for his countrys distresses. It has been found that the West responded by boosting $600 to the economy of Africa. However, Hurst (2015) argued that, it had very little impact on the economy of Africa. There are vari ous initiatives have been taken to rescue the continent from economic disparity, but they only make rich people richer and poor people poorer. Houweling and Kunst (2013) mentioned that, Sub-Saharan Africa tends to follow ten years of attention deficit cycle. Hurst (2015) stated that, in every decade anti-poverty activist, rock star and heads of different countries gather to develop a super to develop mega plan to improve the condition of Africa. For instance, in the year of 1985, Unite Nation held a special session on Africa. In the year of 1996, UN had $25 billion as special initiative for the poor countries of Africa. However, the result remained the same. Only a few countries benefitted from the initiative. Most of poor countries remain unchanged. Many countries after that also tried to help Africa. For example, in the year of 2005 former British Prime Minister Tony Blair announced 2005 as the year for Africa. Countries like France has proposed an international tax reduction for the companies who will develop their business in poor countries of Africa like Algeria, Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon (Fosu, 2015). However all these initiatives will remain ineffective until these countries are able to analyze their own problems (Aron Muellbauer, 2012). They have to stop depending on leaders and try to develop different associations that can take of the economic condition of their countries. (Houweling and Kunst (2013) mentioned that solution of the problem of Arica lies within itself, not along the inner sanctum of Chinas wall and corridors of the World Bank. All the countries need to retune their economy and need t develop their own heritage of free trade, free enterprise and free markets. The African countries have huge amount of resources (Lloyd Hewett, 2012). They just have to use them properly so that business organizations become interested towards these poor countries. It will increase job opportunity, education and per capita income of a nation (Sala-i-Martin Pinkovskiy, 2012). It can become helpful for these countries to reduce the differences between their economic conditions. Government (It is the biggest problem, not the Solution) It has been found that corruption in government sectors and inside the government is one of the major problems that countries like Algeria, Tanzania, Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon are facing. They are the major reason behind these economic differences. For example, US president J.W. Bush had visited the country Tanzania during 18th February 2008 (Lloyd Hewett, 2012). He had found that the country was receiving $698 million in the MCA grant but the country did have any cabinet. It had been found that the entire cabinet of the country was dissolved due to a corruption scandal. The scandal was about an electricity contract worth $172.5 million, which was given to a Texas based organization that never existed (Aron Muellbauer, 2012). There were some other countries like Uganda and Kenya that have dubious success stories. Booysen et al. (2012) stated that, leaders like Mr. Mubarak encouraged ministries of Egypt to loot public money by developing organization that provide const rictions. He secured the loyalty of security heads of Egypt that made his work easier (Booysen et al., 2012). He had distributed all the looted money among the top level of ministries. For this reason, the era of Mubarak will be known as the era of thievery in the history of Egypt (The Washington Times 2002). Accorsi et al. (2012) stated that no solution can be obtained by making partnership with corrupted governments. If they are asked to develop economy of the country, they become busy to fill their pockets. If they are asked to seek foreign investments, then they will seek a foreign county to invest the loot (Lloyd Hewett, 2012). It has been found that, in Africa every Member of Parliament (MP) enjoys a wide range of allowances and perks. In the country Nigeria, a senator enjoys $2 million salary (Lloyd Hewett, 2012). In Kenya, the salary of a MP is $350,000 which is more than the salary of Barrack Obamas salary (Accorsi et al., 2012). In conclusion, it can be stated that, Africa mainly has three sectors. They are such as modern, informal and traditional regions. It has been found that all the development activities take place in modern sectors. However, majority of the poor people live in the informal sector. The economic development of Africa is incomplete by ignoring these two sectors. It has been found that in majority of the poor countries of Africa, people oriented development like increasing literacy program, improvement of roads for communication and foreign investments never happen. The leaders of poor countries like Ivory Coast are busy to fill their pockets and develop unnecessary things. Many leaders do not want to speak ill about their country to maintain their political career. However, they have to understand that straight talk, honest plan and action is all required to reduce the economic disparities between the countries of Africa. Reference List Accorsi, S., Bilal, N. K., Farese, P., Racalbuto, V. (2012). Countdown to 2015: comparing progress towards the achievement of the health Millennium Development Goals in Ethiopia and other sub-Saharan African countries.Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,104(5), 336-342. Aron, J., Muellbauer, J. (2012). Improving forecasting in an emerging economy, South Africa: Changing trends, long run restrictions and disaggregation. International Journal of Forecasting, 28(2), 456-476. Banik, D. (Ed.). (2013). The legal empowerment agenda: poverty, labour and the informal economy in Africa. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Booysen, F., Van Der Berg, S., Burger, R., Von Maltitz, M., Du Rand, G. (2012). Using an asset index to assess trends in poverty in seven Sub-Saharan African countries.World Development,36(6), 1113-1130. Bornschier, V. (2015). Changing Income Inequality in the Second Half of the 20th Century Preliminary Findings and Propositions for Explanations.Journal of World-Systems Research,8(1), 100-127. Easterly, W. (2012). How the millennium development goals are unfair to Africa.World development,37(1), 26-35. Enowbi Batuo, M., Asongu, S. A. (2015). The impact of liberalisation policies on income inequality in African countries.Journal of Economic Studies,42(1), 68-100. Fosu, A. K. (2012). Inequality and the growthpoverty nexus: specification empirics using African data.Applied Economics Letters,15(7), 563-566. Fosu, A. K. (2015). Growth, inequality and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa: recent progress in a global context.Oxford Development Studies,43(1), 44-59. Heshmati, A. (2015). The world distribution of income and income inequality: A review of the economics literature.Journal of world-systems research,12(1), 61-107. Houweling, T. A., Kunst, A. E. (2013). Socio-economic inequalities in childhood mortality in low-and middle-income countries: a review of the international evidence.British medical bulletin,93(1), 7-26. Hurst, C. E. (2015).Social inequality: Forms, causes, and consequences. Routledge. Iradian, G. (2015).Inequality, poverty, and growth: cross-country evidence(Vol. 5). International Monetary Fund. Lloyd, C. B., Hewett, P. (2012). Educational inequalities in the midst of persistent poverty: diversity across Africa in educational outcomes.Journal of International Development,21(8), 1137-1151. Mkandawire, T. (2015). Neopatrimonialism and the political economy of economic performance in Africa: Critical reflections. World Politics, 67(03), 563-612. Ostby, G., Nords, R., Rd, J. K. (2012). Regional Inequalities and Civil Conflict in Subà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Saharan Africa1.International Studies Quarterly,53(2), 301-324. Pieterse, J. N. (2015).Globalization and culture: Global mlange. Rowman Littlefield. Rule, S., Pillay, U., Roberts, B. (2015).South African social attitudes: changing times, diverse voices. HSRC Press. Sala-i-Martin, X., Pinkovskiy, M. (2012).African poverty is falling... much faster than you think!(No. w15775). National Bureau of Economic Research. Spaull, N. (2013). Poverty privilege: Primary school inequality in South Africa.International Journal of Educational Development,33(5), 436-447. Talbot, J. (2015). Information, finance, and the new international inequality: the case of coffee.journal of world-systems research,8(2), 215-250. Volmink, J., Dare, L. (2012). Addressing inequalities in research capacity in Africa.Bmj,331(7519), 705-706. Zartman, I. W. (2015).Politics of Trade Negotiations Between Africa and the European Economic Community: The Weak Confronts the Strong. Princeton University Press.

Tracking down the Origins of Sociology

The fact that sociology officially appeared only at the end of the XIX century sheds some light on the human nature. While paying close attention to society in general and the behavioral patterns of other people in particular, as well as the interactions between the members of society was practiced earlier, the idea of studying the society scientifically came comparatively late.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tracking down the Origins of Sociology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, apart from the weird fact that people discovered the study of society much later than they could have, the origin of the idea to study society academically is also quite hard to nail down. Despite the fact that there are strong indications to the nature of sociology pertaining to the effect of the Age of Science spawned by the French Revolution, sociology has clearly emerged as the solution to the chaos that the world was at th e moment, which Heilbron’s work indicates in a very graphic way. The shift from theology and metaphysics to positivism can be seen as one of the most obvious reasons for the French Revolution and the following social changes, as well as the collapse of the society that was traditional for the XVIII century, to be the key factor in the emergence of sociology. As soon as the concept of the divine intent and the following idea of searching for the specific events to have particular reasons were switched by the suggestion to acquire knowledge based on the results of experiments and observations, the premises for studying the phenomenon of society by adopting the â€Å"anti-metaphysical conceptions of knowledge† (Heilbron, 1995, p. 198) appeared. One of the most frequently used arguments against Heilbron’s concept of sociology being created as the response to social disruptions is that chaos cannot possibly produce an orderly and well-structured theory. The given arg ument admittedly has a grain of truth in it; being completely disoriented and disorganized, people cannot possibly conjure an idea that will somehow help arrange the elements of the disintegrated society into an orderly structure.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, it is worth mentioning that Heilbron considers the creation of sociology, not the phenomenon of order as opposed to the social disorientation that penetrated every single sphere of people’s lives. In other words, Heilbron defines sociology as the method of studying various social mechanisms instead of viewing it as the saving grace for the post revolution France and the world that was facing an economical and a social crisis of massive proportions. Thus, it is quite logical that sociology as the set of methods for studying the society in order to structure it properly could appear within the realm of comp lete chaos and obsolete principles of building social relationships. As a set of theories that could help explain the changes that occurred to the society and help work on the possible solutions, sociology could not have developed in the society without crisis or negative economic, financial and cultural tendencies – there would have been no reason to work on the theory that could shed some light on the means to improve the situation. Therefore, in some way, it can be assumed that sociology could only emerge in the world that was literally torn apart by the social and economic inconsistencies. It is quite remarkable that sociology was born together with significant changes in the political structure of France, i.e., the creation of conservative and liberal political movements: â€Å"In addition to these conservative and liberal groups, contributions to the social sciences were also made by men from the natural sciences† (Heilbron, 1995, p. 196). Thus, it was clear that the social changes that the entire nation – or, more to the point, the entire world – was shaken by actually spurred the creation and evolution of social sciences in general and sociology in particular.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tracking down the Origins of Sociology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After the Revolution, the world was literally in ruins, and people were in a desperate need to set the elements of society in order. However, to make sure that every single element is put in its place and that there is actual way to restore the balance between social forces, it was necessary to study the ways in which social relationships are built, as well as understand the principles of the social hierarchy. Hence sociology was born. While it would be wrong to claim that sociology was considered to be the silver bullet for the entire humankind even at the time, it is still quite clear that soci ology was meant to help structure the society. Since the latter was completely disoriented after the French Revolution, sociology could clearly provide the answers to the questions that bothered people in the XVIII century, the key one being the definition of society and the principles of its clockwork. Although the world would figure out later that sociology is only a tool to study the specifics of society and not the solution to the emerging problems, there can be no denial that the given discipline appeared as a response to the chaos within the post revolution society, as Heilbron’s works explain. Reference List Heilbron, J. (1995). Reform, revolution and the Napoleonic Era. In J. Heilbron (Ed.), The rise of social theory (pp. 115–118, 195–204). New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. This essay on Tracking down the Origins of Sociology was written and submitted by user Mikaela Patrick to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay For College Application Sample

Essay For College Application SampleOne of the most important parts of the college admissions process is a good essay, which will help your application stand out in the crowd. However, if you are struggling to come up with one, take comfort in the fact that there are some essays that all writers can use as a template for your own.The essay is the first stage of the student's life long journey. It should reflect their personal style and how they see themselves in the literary and academic sense. This is where the student writes their personal story that ties together personal values and interests in the best way possible. It is the easiest way to show them how they stand in relation to others at their school.Before you begin writing, be sure to ask the school's policy on this type of essay. There may be regulations on length, word count, or required facts. This is something you need to consider prior to putting pen to paper.The best way to express your personal style and get what you want out of it is to write it in the first person. Tell your story in the third person. Focus on character development and have fun with it.The school will expect you to take personal experience and relate it to a broader topic or idea. Most schools prefer it to be themed around a specific event that brought you into the admissions process, such as the death of a loved one or a break up.Also, a good way to use the essay as a guide is to write about a memory, past experience, or particular activity that brought you to the admissions office. You can then use the rest of the essay to develop your personal brand. By writing this way, it will give your readers a clear picture of who you are and where you are going. In today's world, with the Internet and social media, the essay is a powerful tool in the admissions process. It gives you the ability to showcase your passion, interests, and interests as a student. While most people do not think about it, writing a college application is lik e walking around with a sketchbook, painting a personal portrait of yourself as a person, and showing it off.The application form will only allow you to briefly touch on those topics. A written essay is the only way to paint a more complete picture. Do not worry about coming up with an excellent essay.

Social Views and Writing Style Essay Example

Social Views and Writing Style Essay Example Social Views and Writing Style Essay Social Views and Writing Style Essay Although he was highly critical of the post-independence Congress party establishment, he was more sympathetic to the right-wing Hindu nationalist movement in India. He refused to criticise the destruction of mosques: â€Å"Muslims do not have the slightest right to complain about the desecration of one mosque in Ayodhya. From 1000 AD every temple from Kathiawar to Bihar, from the Himalayas to the Vindhyas has been sacked and ruined. Not one temple was left standing all over northern India. They escaped destruction only where Muslim power did not gain access to them for reasons such as dense forests. Otherwise, it was a continuous spell of vandalism. No nation with any self-respect will forgive this. What happened in Ayodhya would not have happened had the Muslims acknowledged this historical argument even once. [2] He was also deeply distressed by what he saw as the deep hypocrisy in Bengali social life and in particular those that resulted from class and caste distinctions. His historical research revealed to him that the rigid Victorianesque morality of middle class Bengali women was a socially enforced construct, that had less to do with religion, choice and judgment, but more to do with upbringing, social acceptance and intergenerational transference of values. His prose was highly influenced by Sanskrit and the older version of the Bengali language, the Shadhubhasha ( ). He had little respect for the proletarian language, Choltibhasha ( ) or Cholitobhasha ( ), which he regarded as being common in taste and scope. He avoided the use of words and expressions originating from Arabic, Urdu and Persian that are very common in modern Bengali (though not as common as in Hindi). [edit]

Research Methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 4

Research Methodology - Essay Example 75). Descriptive research explores and describes phenomena based on real-life situations. It helps provide new information about a topic which has not been completely explored. It describes concepts and relationships and provides more data from which more quantitative research can be conceptualized (Punch & Punch, 2005, p. 75). Correlational research on the other hand examines the relationship between two of more variables and determines if the relationship is negative or positive. A positive correlation means that the variables vary together and they either increase or decrease together; for negative correlation, variables vary in opposite directions or have an inverse relationship (Punch & Punch, 2005, p. 75). Quasi-experimental researches seek to determine the cause and effect relationships of independent and dependent variables. A treatment is usually implemented in this research and the effects are reviewed using selected methods of measurement (Trochim, 2006). Finally, experime ntal research is the type of research which helps to establish cause and effect of phenomenon (Davis, 1997). The causality between variables is tested here under highly controlled conditions. The quantitative research has its strengths and weaknesses. It is advantageous because its methods are quantifiable, reliable, and applicable to a larger population (Weinreich, 2006). It also states the problem in specific terms and clearly specifies the independent and dependent variables being reviewed (Weinreich, 2006). It also follows the original research goals and comes up with objective conclusions and results, thereby ensuring reliability of data from controlled observations and mass surveys. Quantitative research also eliminates and minimizes the subjectivity of judgments. Finally, it allows for a longitudinal assessment on the ensuing performance of subjects (Matveey,